THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON CIVIC PROTEST: A LEGAL OVERVIEW OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Abstract

The advent of information technology has fundamentally reshaped the dynamics of civic protests and democratic engagement in modem societies. In Nigeria, the widespread use of digital platforms such as social media, mobile communication tools, and online forums has facilitated mass mobilization, enabled real-time coordination, and amplified the voices of protesters beyond traditional geographic and political boundaries. While these technological advancements have enhanced citizen's ability to assert their constitutional rights-particularly the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and association, they have also triggered a range of legal and regulatory challenges. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this article critically examines the dual impact of information technology on civil rights and criminal liability. It explores how state authorities have responded to digitally coordinated protests through legal sanctions including charges of cyber stalking, sedition, incitement, and breach of public peace. Drawing on relevant statutory provisions, Nigerian and comparative case law, and international human rights norms, the article analyses the adequacy of existing legal frameworks in protecting digital protest while maintaining public order. It argues for a more balanced, rights-based approach to regulation and calls for legislative and judicial reforms to prevent the misuse of criminal law in stifling legitimate dissent. This article investigates the complex interplay between information technology and civil protests, with specific focus on the implications for civil rights and criminal liabilities. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this study investigates how Information technology has transformed the dynamics of civic protest, including the mobilization of protesters, the dissemination of information and the interaction with authorities. A critical analysis of existing literature, case studies, and empirical data is conducted to identify the opportunities and challenges presented by information technology in the context of civic protest. The findings of this study highlights the tension between the exercises of civic rights associated with the use of information technology in civic protest. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of information technology in shaping the contours of civic protest and its implications for democratic participation,social justice and human rights, Keywords:Information Technology, Civic protest, Civil rights, Criminal liabilities.