Ibadan Planning Journal

Adoption of Solar Energy as a Renewable Energy Source in Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

Olawale E. Olayide — 2026-05-31

Nigeria's electricity sector faces persistent challenges characterized by inadequate generation capacity and unreliable supply, particularly in urban centres. Solar energy presents a viable renewable alternative, yet adoption remains poor. This study assessed solar energy adoption among households in Ikeja Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria, focusing on socio economic characteristics, adoption levels, influencing factors, and financing mechanisms to support Nigeria's goal of achieving 30% renewable energy by 2030. The study employed structured questionnaires distributed via digital platforms among 400 respondents. Multi-stage non-probability sampling combining purposive and snowball techniques identified adult household
energy decision-makers. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, thematic analysis, and chi-square tests to examine variable relationships and provide a comprehensive understanding of adoption patterns. Findings revealed a 48.5% solar energy adoption rate among respondents, 68.5% had a tertiary education, 64.0% formal employment, and an average monthly income of ?784,400. Among adopters, 68.6% used comprehensive solar home systems (average 3.90 kVA capacity) meeting 64.64% of household energy needs with 91.8% user satisfaction. Unreliable electricity supply was the primary adoption driver, while high upfront costs were the main barrier (52.3% of respondents). Financing relied on personal savings (93.8%) with limited institutional mechanisms. Government support awareness was critically low (only 2% comprehensive knowledge). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between income levels and preferred support mechanisms (?² = 210.85, p<0.001), with low-income households favouring subsidies (78.4%) and high-income households prioritizing awareness-based support. The study recommends implementing income-differentiated financing schemes, strengthening institutional financing infrastructure through specialised loan products, and expanding awareness campaigns.

Urban Planning Failures and the Spatial Dynamics of Building Collapse in Lagos, Nigeria

Abiodun Ayooluwa Areola — 2026-06-05

Rapid urbanisation and weak regulatory enforcement have intensified the incidence of building collapse in Lagos, posing significant threats to urban health and safety. This study examines the spatial dynamics, socio-economic drivers, and public health implications of building collapse across 17 Local Government Areas between 2018 and 2022. A mixed-method approach integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and survey data from 429stakeholders was employed. Spatial analysis using the Average Nearest Neighbour (ANN) revealed a statistically significant clustered pattern of collapse incidents (z= -4.1521; p < 0.01), confirming non-random distribution. High-risk concentrations were identified in Lagos Island, Mushin, Ebute-Meta, and Ikeja areas characterised by high population density (exceeding 20,000 persons/km2), informal construction, and limited regulatory oversight. Approximately 27% of surveyed buildings were non-compliant with the 2019 Lagos State Building Control Regulations, while structures aged 30 – 59 years dominated vulnerable zones. Survey findings indicate widespread awareness (95.5%) of collapse incidents, with 50.9% of respondents directly experiencing or witnessing events. Reported impacts included fatalities (79.7%), property loss (70.4%), physical injuries (63.3%), displacement (56.6%), and psychological distress (52.1%). ANOVA results confirmed significant spatial variation in perceived health impacts (p < 0.05) and government response effectiveness (p<0.05). Although 79.7% acknowledged existing safety policies, only 38.4% considered enforcement effective. The findings demonstrate that building collapse in Lagos is both a spatially clustered infrastructural failure and a public health crisis, underscoring the need for strengthened regulatory enforcement, spatial risk mapping, and health-sensitive urban planning
interventions.

Mapping Climate Change Vulnerability of Transportation Infrastructure in Nigeria Using Gis and Remote Sensing

Eghuruamrakpo Augustine — 2026-06-05

Climate change poses unprecedented threats to transportation infrastructure in Nigeria, with rising temperatures, intensified rainfall, flooding, coastal erosion, and changing precipitation patterns threatening roads, bridges, railways, airports, and seaports. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to systematically map and assess
the climate change vulnerability of Nigeria's transportation network. Using multi-temporal satellite imagery, climate projection data, digital elevation models, and infrastructure databases, we analyze exposure to multiple climate hazards including flood risk from intensified precipitation and sea-level rise, erosion susceptibility from extreme rainfall events, heat stress impacts on
pavement and railway infrastructure, and coastal inundation threatening maritime and aviation facilities. Our vulnerability assessment integrates hazard exposure, infrastructure sensitivity based on design standards and age, and adaptive capacity considering maintenance regimes and institutional resources. Results reveal that approximately 35% of Nigeria's federal road
network faces high or very high vulnerability to climate-related hazards, with critical corridors including Lagos-Ibadan Expressway (flooding), East-West Road (coastal erosion and flooding), and northern routes (heat stress and drought impacts). Over 60% of railway infrastructure exhibits moderate to high vulnerability, while 12 of 22 major airports and 4 of 6 seaports face significant
flood or inundation risks. This research provides critical spatial intelligence for climate adaptation planning and infrastructure investment prioritization, contributing to Nigeria's climate resilience objectives and sustainable development goals and therefore concludes that the economic implications are substantial, hence strategies for maintaining transportation infrastructures should be developed.

Factors Influencing Post-Flood Recovery Outcomes and Equitable Strategies amongst Marginalized Populations: A Scoping Review

Adepeju Babalola — 2026-06-05

Flooding remains one of the most disruptive urban hazards in Africa, yet recovery outcomes are highly uneven. Marginalized groups such as women, informal settlement residents, and low-income households often face slower recovery and deepening resilience gaps. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the main factors influencing post-flood recovery and to identify
strategies that promote equity in urban contexts. A scoping review was undertaken in line with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was searched across Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and PubMed. Out of 112 records screened, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were charted into study characteristics, recovery factors, and equity strategies, and synthesized thematically. The review showed that governance failures such as fragmented coordination, politicized aid distribution, and exclusion of informal residents were the most consistent barriers to equitable recovery. Socio-demographic factors, including gender, income, health, and disability, further shaped recovery outcomes, while structural vulnerabilities such as insecure tenure, poor housing, and inadequate infrastructure prolonged displacement. Strategies to address inequities included community mapping, slum upgrading, social protection programmes, and psychosocial support, but they are mostly project-based, donor-driven, and poorly institutionalized. The findings show that inequities drive persistent recovery gaps. Equitable recovery requires stronger governance, deliberate inclusion of vulnerable groups, and the integration of community-driven approaches into formal planning frameworks.

Appraisal of Intra-Urban Road Furniture in Ilorin, Nigeria

Babatunde Femi Akinyode — 2026-06-05

Road furniture addresses several challenges associated with road transportation. On this premise, this paper appraises the intra-urban road furniture in Ilorin, Nigeria, aimed at taking the inventory, categorizing the available, and analysing the conditions and impacts of road furniture on the residents. The coordinates of the location for road furniture were determined with the aid of a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS), while a multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the distribution of 369 copies of a structured questionnaire among the residents. Personal enumeration and evaluation were used in evaluating existing road infrastructure while the Impact of Road Furniture Index (IRFI) was measured with the aid of a Likert scale of measurement and was developed to evaluate the impact on the residents. Maps, frequency and tables were used to illustrate and summarise the results of descriptive analysis. One thousand, one hundred and ninety-four (1,194) units of different road furniture were identified. The result revealed that the provision of road furniture within the study area is very inadequate and poorly maintained due to the high cost of construction, maintenance, and topography. Majority are in a state of dilapidation and not functioning effectively due to vandalism, inadequate maintenance, climatic conditions, and financial constraints. The study suggested the need for provision of adequate road furniture, repairs of dilapidated and total replacement of damaged ones for effective traffic control to enrich the sustainable development of urban roads as well as to ensure the safety of all the road users within Ilorin city.

Socio-Economic Characteristics and Survival Strategies among Homeless Youths in Ogun State, Nigeria

Oluwadara Latifat Isola-Muyideen — 2026-06-05

This study investigates the socio-economic characteristics of homeless youths in Ogun State, Nigeria, by examining their socio-economic profile, analysing their housing choice and social welfare, and examining the physical and environmental characteristics of homeless locations in Ogun State. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed to sampled 119 homeless youths aged 18 years and above, across the three most populated homeless locations, namely, major markets (10), major motor parks (8), and flyovers (5) in Abeokuta, Ota, and Ijebu-Ode. Findings revealed that homelessness among youths in Ogun State is predominantly male-driven, with most respondents being young, single, and having a low level of educational attainment. Economic hardship, unemployment, and low income emerged as major drivers of homelessness, while social neglect, poverty, and high levels of insecurity were identified as the most pressing challenges faced by homeless youths in the study area. The majority had limited access to formal healthcare, sanitation, and government welfare support. Despite prolonged stays in informal locations, most respondents expressed a strong desire to exit homelessness and aspired to stable housing. The study concluded that to address homelessness in Ogun state is a multi-dimensional problem rooted in poverty, urban growth, poor planning,
and environmental challenges.

Integrating Urban Green Infrastructure into Climate Change Adaptation: Ecosystem Biodiversity, Land Surface Temperature, and Malaria Risk in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abiodun Ayooluwa Areola — 2026-06-05

Rapid urbanisation across sub-Saharan Africa is reshaping natural landscapes with significant consequences for ecosystem stability and public health. In Nigeria, malaria remains a major health burden, yet limited longitudinal evidence links urban green infrastructure (UGI) change to malaria risk at the intra-city scale. This study investigates the spatial and temporal relationships
among UGI, land surface temperature (LST), and malaria incidence across eleven local government areas (LGAs) of Ibadan, Nigeria, using multi-temporal Landsat-derived NDVI, LST retrieval, and facility-based health records spanning 2013–2023. Results reveal that nine of eleven LGAs experienced net vegetation loss over the study period, with the steepest declines in core urban
LGAs: Ibadan North-East (NDVI = ?0.12) and Ibadan South-East (NDVI = ?0.10). Urban core NDVI values remained consistently low (0.10–0.22) compared to peri-urban values (0.24–0.40). The UGSI–LST relationship was strong and negative throughout the study period (r = ?0.99 in 2013; ?0.94 in 2023; all p < 0.001), with core urban LGAs recording mean LST values 4.3 4.6°C above peri-urban LGAs in all three reference years. Malaria incidence rates were persistently higher in core urban LGAs (mean 285.4 per 1,000 in
2023 vs. 86.6 in peri-urban LGAs), with all five core urban LGAs recording higher rates in 2023 than in 2013. Critically, the green space–malaria incidence correlation weakened from r = ?0.77 (p < 0.01) in 2013 to non significance in 2023, while population density emerged as the strongest and most temporally stable predictor of malaria burden across all study years. These findings demonstrate that declining and poorly managed UGI intensifies urban heat and contributes to uneven malaria vulnerability, but that the health effects of vegetation are mediated by management quality and population density rather than quantity alone. Integrated, equity-focused urban green infrastructure planning is essential to reduce climate-sensitive disease risk in rapidly expanding West African cities.

“I heard a loud bang (Vroom)…”: Public Perception of Causes and Socio-Environmental Effects of Landslides in Northern Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Jean Christ Noel Langui — 2026-06-05

Landslides in Côte d’Ivoire, are becoming increasingly frequent and severe, causing significant environmental devastation and loss of life in Côte d’Ivoire particularly in Northen Abidjan region. Though Abidjan is often prone to coastal flooding, it is highly susceptible to landslides. This study therefore explored community perceptions of causes and effects of landslides, and the as
sociated responses in the affected region. A mixed-methods approach, incorporating a survey of 384 households, field observations, transect walks, and key informant interviews of key environmental and public safety officials in Côte
d’Ivoire, was employed. Heavy rainfall/ long duration (51%) and steep slopes (23%) were identified as the primary perceived causes of landslides. Qualitative data strongly confirmed these, highlighting heavy precipitation, poor soil structure and unregulated construction in high-risk zones as key contributors. Perceived socio-environmental impacts include building collapses (46%), fatalities (33%), injuries (15%), widespread property destruction, displacement, and disrupted children's schooling, confirmed by field observations. Community narratives revealed inadequate early warning systems and predominantly
reactive institutional responses, often limited to post-disaster assistance. Consequently, residents actively implement local adaptation strategies (e.g., sandbags, tyres) to severe slope erosion. This study offers crucial insights for disaster risk management, aiming to improve public awareness and strengthen institutional capacity to effectively understand and mitigate devastating landslide impacts through informed decision-making, including improved early warning systems, community awareness programs, and preventative land-use planning and policies.

Analysis of Urban Basic Services of Importance to Men and Women in Informal Settlements of Lagos and Kano, Nigeria

Olubunmi Alugbin — 2026-06-05

Urban deprivation in informal settlements is a critical issue facing rapidly urbanising cities of the Global South due to inadequate infrastructure, limited access to services, and socio-economic inequalities. Using Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, this paper explored the understanding of male and female participants on urban deprivation and how they prioritise urban basic
services in selected informal settlements of Lagos and Kano, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from a structured questionnaire administered on 105 participants involved in PAR work in four selected informal settlements. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression to examine participation in PAR and how inclusion and deprivation are understood and prioritised. Findings show that urban deprivation is largely understood by men and women as lack of basic services. Both men and women prioritise health services, water, sanitation, roads, market, and education as important basic services. However, results indicate that, except for some prioritized basic services, there are no significant gender differences. Nonetheless, some issues such as access to water (boreholes), and socio-cultural issues that cannot be classified, have high male and female differentials reflecting the varied experiences based on gender roles. Despite the spatial divergence of Lagos and Kano, the paper shows that basic needs are similar, while preferences for basic services are influenced by socio-economic and environmental peculiarities. The paper challenges the framing of urban deprivation as either gender-neutral or entirely gendered, proposing rather that a hybrid approach can better capture common vulnerabilities as well as context-specific gendered needs. This calls for participatory, gender-responsive planning and the use of disaggregated data to inform the formulation of inclusive urban policy and basic service delivery.