Adoption of Solar Energy as a Renewable Energy Source in Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

Nigeria's electricity sector faces persistent challenges characterized by inadequate generation capacity and unreliable supply, particularly in urban centres. Solar energy presents a viable renewable alternative, yet adoption remains poor. This study assessed solar energy adoption among households in Ikeja Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria, focusing on socio economic characteristics, adoption levels, influencing factors, and financing mechanisms to support Nigeria's goal of achieving 30% renewable energy by 2030. The study employed structured questionnaires distributed via digital platforms among 400 respondents. Multi-stage non-probability sampling combining purposive and snowball techniques identified adult household
energy decision-makers. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, thematic analysis, and chi-square tests to examine variable relationships and provide a comprehensive understanding of adoption patterns. Findings revealed a 48.5% solar energy adoption rate among respondents, 68.5% had a tertiary education, 64.0% formal employment, and an average monthly income of ?784,400. Among adopters, 68.6% used comprehensive solar home systems (average 3.90 kVA capacity) meeting 64.64% of household energy needs with 91.8% user satisfaction. Unreliable electricity supply was the primary adoption driver, while high upfront costs were the main barrier (52.3% of respondents). Financing relied on personal savings (93.8%) with limited institutional mechanisms. Government support awareness was critically low (only 2% comprehensive knowledge). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between income levels and preferred support mechanisms (?² = 210.85, p<0.001), with low-income households favouring subsidies (78.4%) and high-income households prioritizing awareness-based support. The study recommends implementing income-differentiated financing schemes, strengthening institutional financing infrastructure through specialised loan products, and expanding awareness campaigns.