INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON EARLY GROWTH OF Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Hérit. ex DC.
Keywords:
Pterocarpus santalinoides, Temperature variation, Early growth, Seedling biomassAbstract
This study evaluated the effect of temperature on the early growth of Pterocarpus santalinoides seedlings. In a completely randomized experiment, 80 randomly selected seedlings were subjected to four temperature regimes namely: 20/27±3°C, 22/30±3°C, 25/33±3°C and 27/35±3°C. Initial measurements of seedling growth variables were done, four months after sowing and bi-monthly thereafter for twelve months. Variables such as seedling height, stem collar diameter, number of leaves, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weights, moisture content, total weight and root to shoot ratio were monitored. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to separate significantly different means. There were significant differences in the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root length and biomass of Pterocarpus santalinoides seedlings grown at different temperatures. After four months, the highest height (35.05 cm) was observed for 22/30±3°C treatment, while lowest (28.11) was for 27/35±3°C. From 6 to 12 months, the highest heights: 31.37 cm, 38.04 cm, 45.15 cm and 50.51 cm, respectively, were observed for 25/33±3°C treatment, while the lowest (31.37 cm, 38.04 cm, 45.15 cm and 50.51 cm) were for 20/27±3°C treatment. Highest collar diameters (5.34 mm, 6.88 mm, 8.65 mm, 9.83 mm and 10.48 mm) were observed at 27/35°C±3°C and lowest 3.82 mm, 4.42 mm, 5.86 mm, 6.61 mm and 8.61 mm) at 20/27oC±3°C, from 4 to 12 months. The longest (44.88 mm) and least (30.58 mm) root lengths were observed at 25/33°C±3°C and 20/27oC±3°C, respectively. Pterocarpus santalinoides seedlings grew at all tested temperature regimes, with better growth observed at 25/33oC and 27/35oC.
References
Chima, U. D., Etuk, E. C. and Fredrick, C. (2017). Effects of sowing depths on the germination and early seedling growth of different seed sizes of Annona muricata L. African Journal of Agriculture, Technology and Environment 6(2): 134-144.
Dove, N. (2010). The effect of increasing temperature on germination of native plant species in the north woods’ region. University of Vermont (Doctoral dissertation, Thesis).
Eze, S. O., Cornelius, C. and Okereke, H. C. (2012). Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of the stem bark of Pterocarpus santalinoides (Nturu Ukpa). Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(3): 26-32.
Gairola, K. C., Nautiyal, A. R. and Dwivedi, A. K. (2011). Effect of temperatures and germination media on seed germination of Jatropha curcas Linn. Advances in Bioresearch 2(2): 66-71.
Hatfield, J. L. and Prueger, J. H. (2015). Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development. Weather and Climate Extremes 10: 4-10.
Iloh, A. C., Omatta, G., Ogbadu, G. H. and Onyenekwe, P. C. (2014). Effects of elevated temperature on seed germination and seedling growth on three cereal crops in Nigeria. Scientific Research and Essays 9(18): 806-813.
Kamani, N., Kim, J. and MacLean, J. (2011). Effect of temperature on the germination and growth rate of Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana). The Expedition 1: 1-11
Keay, R. W. (1989). Pterocarpus species, Trees of Nigeria, Vol III, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 210 pp.
Koger, C. H., Reddy, K. N. and Poston, D. H. (2004). Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of Texas weed (Caperonia palustris). Weed Science 52(6): 989-995.
Kulkarni, M. G., Sparg, S. G., Van Staden, J. and Thomas, T. H. (2005). Temperature and light requirements for seed germination and seedling growth of two medicinal Hyacinthaceae species. South African Journal of Botany, 71(3-4): 349-353.
Lemmens, R. H. M. J. (2008). Pterocarpus santalinoides DC. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A. A. and Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp Accessed 5 August 2016.
Muhl, Q. E., Du Toit, E. S. and Robbertse, P. J. (2011). Temperature effect on seed germination and seedling growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed Science and Technology 39 (1): 208-213.
Nordli, E. F., Strøm, M. and Torre, S. (2011). Temperature and photoperiod control of morphology and flowering time in two greenhouses grown Hydrangea macrophylla cultivars. Scientia horticulturae 127(3): 372-377.
Offor, C. E., Nwankwegu, N. J., Ugwu Okechukwu, P. C. and Aja, P. M. (2015). The effects of ethanol leaf-extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides on liver enzymes of albino rats. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 15(5): 920-922.
Organ, M. T. (2004). Trees of Nigeria. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 123(1): 125-129.
Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. and Simons, A. (2009). Agroforestry tree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. Retrieved from (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp).
Rezazadeh, A., Harkess, R. L. and Telmadarrehei, T. (2018). The effect of light intensity and temperature on flowering and morphology of potted red firespike. Horticulturae 4(4): 36.
Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, C. W. (1992). Plant Physiology, 4th edn. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
Wokoma, E. C. W. (2008). Preliminary Report on Diseases of Tomato in Choba, Rivers State. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 12(3): 117-121.
